They were single-shot moments captured on film: a train entering a station, a boat docking, or factory workers leaving work. It refers to what people do with media devices, content, form, and production strategies to address the creative, ethical, and conceptual problems and choices that arise as they make documentaries.ĭocumentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, or personal expression.Įarly film (pre-1900) was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. ĭocumentary practice is the complex process of creating documentary projects. Therefore, the advantage of documentaries lies in introducing new perspectives which may not be prevalent in traditional medias such as written publications and school curriculum. Scholar Betsy McLane asserted that documentaries are for filmmakers to convey their views about historical events, people, and places which they find significant. The American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as "a factual film which is dramatic." Others further state that a documentary stands out from the other types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion, and a specific message, along with the facts it presents. ![]() In this regard, Grierson's definition of documentary as "creative treatment of actuality" has gained some acceptance, with this position at variance with Soviet film-maker Dziga Vertov's provocation to present "life as it is" (that is, life filmed surreptitiously) and "life caught unawares" (life provoked or surprised by the camera). Grierson's principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. The word "documentary" was coined by Scottish documentary filmmaker John Grierson in his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926), published in the New York Sun on 8 February 1926, written by "The Moviegoer" (a pen name for Grierson). Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect and keep safe visual materials. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the early written works to consider the historical and documentary value of the film. A New Source of History) and La photographie animée (eng. He wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de l'histoire (eng. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film. (A New Source of History), the first publication about documentary function of cinematography. The cover of Bolesław Matuszewski's 1898 book Une nouvelle source de l'histoire. These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility. ![]() Social-media platforms (such as YouTube) have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary- film genre. Documentary filmmakers have a responsibility to be truthful to their vision of the world without intentionally misrepresenting a topic. Documentaries are very informative, and are often used within schools as a resource to teach various principles. ![]() Some examples are educational, observational and docufiction. Over time, documentaries have evolved to become longer in length, and to include more categories. Įarly documentary films, originally called " actuality films", lasted one minute or less. Bill Nichols has characterized the documentary in terms of "a filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception a practice without clear boundaries". A 16 mm spring-wound Bolex "H16" Reflex camera-a popular entry-level camera used in film schoolsĪ documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a historical record".
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